The Benefits Of Marijuana Legalization

The Benefits Of Marijuana Legalization The economic recession that began around January 2008 has taking its toll on several fronts. The recession has affected the U.S. labor markets as seen in the rapidly rising unemployment and underemployment issues. U.S. jobs have declined by over 5 million over the past 12 months and the unemployment rate has risen to over 9%. The recession has also caused a steep decline in state tax revenues. As a result states are beginning to see very large budgets deficits. States are struggling to find other ways to shore up the loss in revenue that is needed to support public services. California, the Golden State has reported a $20 billion budget deficit. The state is currently spending $400 to $ 600 million more a month that they are collecting in revenues. As the reality of the deficit becomes apparent to the leaders of California, the governor has asked for solutions to their problems. What you can expect generally is no taxes and terrible cuts, absolutely terrible cuts, said Governor Schwarzenegger to press secretary Aaron McLear. Were not going to get through the deficit we have without making some really tough decisions. (www.sacbee.com) House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a San Francisco Democrat, and the states two Democratic U.S. senators have said new federal aid was unlikely, given that California has already received billions of dollars from the stimulus package.The federal government is not responsible for the state of Californias budget, and we look forward to hearing a sustainable plan for the state to get its house in order, a spokesman for Ms. Pelosi said after the budget was released Friday May 14, 2010. (www.wstj.com) While the state administration debates ways to reduce the large deficit one solution has been mentioned, the legalization of marijuana. It has been estimated that a legal market for marijuana could yield revenue of $1.5 to $2.5 billion a year. Total retail sales would result in a total economic impact of $8 to $13 billion a year. The state would also save over $160 million a year in law enforcement cost for arrests, prosecutions, and imprisonment. Additional benefits would arise from more sales taxes from spinoff markets such as smokehouses, industrial hemp facilities and larger amounts of tourism. (www.canorml.org) Over 1.6 million Californians have smoked marijuana within the past 30 days, according to the most recent National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, which found 5.6% of all Americans over the age of 12 are current marijuana users. According to the survey, one-third of this population, or 530,000 Californians are daily users. Taking this survey into consideration, the California administration believes there will be sufficient demand for this product. (www.canorml.org) California has now added the Tax Cannabis Act to its November ballot which will be to legalize the cultivation, possession, and recreational use of marijuana. So why not legalize marijuana? There are several moral arguments that need to be considered: rights, justice, utilitarianism, caring, virtue and Christianity before any decisions can be made. Rights Marijuana was banned by The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 in the U.S. in 1937after 162 years of use. In 1937 Anslinger testified before Congress in favor of Marijuana Prohibition by saying: Marijuana is the most violence causing drug in the history of mankind. Most marijuana smokers are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers. Their Satanic music, jazz and swing, result from marijuana usage. Marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes. (www.hempcar.org) Many supporters of legalization of marijuana believe that the prohibition laws were passed based on discrimination and lies therefore violating human rights. In general, a right is an individual entitlement to something. (pg 73, Velasquez) Rights are a powerful device according to Velasquez, when they are used to enable the individual to choose freely whether to pursue certain activities and to protect those choices. (pg 74) Prohibition will work great injury to the cause of temperance. It is a species of intemperance within itself, for it goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation, and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A Prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded. Abraham Lincoln (1809-65), U.S. President stated during a speech on the 18th of December 1840, to Illinois House of Representatives. Allowing the government to control what individuals freely choose to do when they pose no threat to their community than they are letting the government violate their basic constitutional rights. Justice The production, distribution, and use of marijuana is a criminal offense under the Controlled Drugs and Substance Act. Retributive justice refers to the just imposition of punishment and penalties on those who do wrong. (pg88, Velasquez) In 2007, police in Californian made over 60,000 felony and misdemeanor arrests of individuals possessing marijuana. If charged with possession of marijuana it will carry large penalties for offenders in the United States. The first offence could be a fine of $500 or up to 20 years imprisonment for third or more offences. These arrests create permanent criminal records that could disqualify individuals for schooling, student loans, housing and most importantly jobs. The cost of law enforcement of the marijuana laws in California contribute to the economic problem by over $150 million per year. (pg 97) So the moral question is: Does the crime fit the punishment? How fair is this action? These questions of distributive justice arise when different people put forth conflicting claims on societys benefits and burdens. (pg 88) Utilitarianism There are no arguments that there are a several side effects that come from smoking marijuana. The advocates for marijuana use believe the only side effect is it elevates the feeling of happiness. Jeremy Bentham states that, the theory which accepts as the fundamentals of morals, utility or the greatest happiness principle, holds that ones actions are right if those actions promote happiness and wrong if they produce negative effects. The happiness is intended to produce pleasure and not pain. (pg 62) This ethical theory insists that the desire for happiness motivates human conduct. Taking into consideration the utilitarian calculations, by using marijuana in the privacy of the individuals home serves to increase their pleasure or greatest happiness principle. The government, therefore, has no right to prohibit what is ethically justifiable conduct. On the other hand for those individuals who argue against legalizing of marijuana believe that the use is wrong because marijuana destroys brain cells and could also be a gateway drug to more lethal drugs and narcotics. These advocates have successfully enacted prohibition laws banning the use of marijuana. Utilitarians stress, however, these advocates are acting unethically because they are decreasing the greatest happiness principle covered in the shield of upholding what is an essentially contested concept (pg 60), namely, the common good. Utilitarianism is also the basis of the techniques of economic cost-benefits analysis. This type of analysis is used to determine whether its present and future economic benefits outweigh its present and future costs. (pg 63) The California administration believes that by legalizing marijuana they can tax it which will help eliminates the states budget deficit problems. This will also eliminate the $150 million dollars that are spent each year by enforcing the ban on marijuana. Caring Drugs that are deemed politically, socially, medically, or religiously unfit for recreational use are often banned. Ethic reasoning based on caring sees our communities and communal relationships as a fundamental value that should be preserved and maintained. (pg 103) The position on the legalization of marijuana is different for each individual. Those positions range from blanket prohibition to permitting use in small doses. Advocates believe that legalizing the drug would be a good thing because it forces manufactures to meet regulation guidelines just like the manufactures of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. Currently legal drugs must have ingredients lists, warning labels and purity levels clearly stated on the containers. By providing a legal supply chain of the currently illegal drug the prices will fall which would theoretically lead to the collapse of the current illegal drug industry and also lead to a reduction in crimes committed by those illegal organizations. They also argue that there will be no change in the amount of demand for marijuana due to the inelasticity of the demand. On the other side of the argument, advocates believe the state should not be involved in the distribution of substances that are considered unhealthy. They believe it is the states job to protect each citizens health and not contribute to exposing them to risky items. These advocates truly care for their communities by exhibiting the virtues of concern and love. (pg 103) These advocates are very concerned that the marijuana use will be dangerous to others beside the user. They are worried that it will contribute to the rise in health costs, create more violence that is always accompanied with drug use and most importantly contribute to the neglect of children that is always seen in drug-addicted parents. Virtue The debate going on in California over legalization marijuana has been a very controversial issue. It has been debated by both advocating sides of the issue. The advocates for legalizing marijuana argue from Aristotles moral virtue point of view. A person lives according to reason, Aristotle argued, when the person knows and chooses reasonable middle ground in his actions and desires: Moral virtue is a mean between two vices, one of excess and the other of deficiency and it aims a hitting the mean in desires and actions.(pg 110) With respect to consumable goods, temperance the virtue of being reasonable by indulging the desire but not in excess. Marijuana advocates reason that as long as it is used only for recreational purposes and not abused there should be no issues from Aristotle point of view for not legalizing it. The advocates against legalizing marijuana argue from another moral virtue point of view. They argue that economic institutions or governmental administration make people greedy and large bureaucrat organizations make people less responsible. These organizations are morally defective because they tend to create morally defective individuals. (pg 113) These advocates fear that the State of California only concern is to fix its budget deficit problems at the expense of its citizen well being. Christianity The advocates against legalizing marijuana argue that the use of any mind-altering drug is morally and spiritually damaging therefore should be kept out of reach. The book of Galatians 5:19-21states, The acts of sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debaucheryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of heaven. Keeping this scripture in mind, by participating in these deeds of the flesh will excluded one from the kingdom of heaven. This scripture also proves that smoking marijuana would not be a good Christian activity one would want to participate in. The bible predicted that people would want to participate in bad behavior in a letter the apostle Paul wrote to Timothy in 2 Timothy 3:1-5 which states, There will be terrible times in the last days. People will be lovers of themselves, lovers of moneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦without love, self control, not lovers of goodà ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‚ ¦lovers of pleasure, rather than lovers of God-having a form of godliness but denying its power. Have nothing to do with them. The argument is made that people will be lovers of the pleasures in life rather than lovers of God. The final argument is how can an individual focus on doing good works if their minds are clouded with marijuana smoke. On the side of the debate advocates for legalizing marijuana argue that the current laws are an invasion of individual rights to make their own moral decisions concerning what they do in their own homes. Prohibition is allowing the government to make moral decisions for individuals and not allowing ones to be morally accountable for their own actions. The scriptures do talk about keeping church and state separate in Luke 20:25 which states, He said to them, Then give to Caesar what is Caesars and to God what is Gods. Jesus also talked about this separating in John 15:19, If you belong to the world, it will love you as its own. As it is, you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you. It is also argued that although marijuana is not directly mentioned in the bible it does talk about how God gave humans plants and herbs to use for food. Then God said, I give you every herb bearing [seed] plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it .They wil l be yours for food. (Genesis 1:29) The legalization of marijuana appears to have a lot of support in California. Activists believe that taxing marijuana production and sales would bail out the cash-strapped state. The point has been made that prohibition law has been a big disaster because it has wasted billions of dollars in law enforcement resources and made criminals out of normally law bidding citizens. There are on the other hand still a lot of activists that oppose decrimalizing marijuana. They argue that with recreational marijuana use comes impaired driving, crashes and injuries to innocent parties. Critics also worry social costs far outweigh the revenue it will bring in to the state. There are several measures that need to be met in order to grow support. First sales should not be outright legalized but regulated. Next the state would need to create laws to manage the production, distribution, and sales of marijuana. Finally marijuana should be managed and controlled using the guidelines the alcohol and toba cco industries follow.

How Stevenson Builds Suspense and Tension in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Es

How Stevenson Builds Suspense and Tension in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde After thoroughly examining the question at hand. I have understood that I should comment on at least three episodes of the novel and clearly stress out how the writer built up the suspense and tension of the story. However I am going to look at techniques such as using shot quotations and not being to repetitive. The episodes l am going to be explaining are the incident of the letter, the remarkable incident of Dr Lanyon and the Last Night. In the Incident of the Letter, Stevenson starts of the episode by telling us what Dr Jekyll's house was like through Mr Uttersons eyes. He later starts spicing up his story by describing Dr Jekyll's quarters as the," dingly windowless structure". Stevenson then also goes on to give a mystic filling to the reader by describing the light in Dr Jekyll's theatre as", falling dimly through the fogy copula." Stevenson then went on to put a scary touch to the story by telling us that Dr Jekll was," looking deadly sick", and that he, "held out a cold hand," when he met with Mr Utterson.When asked about Mr Hyde Dr Jekyll starts swearing out of knower and can be quoted saying,"l am done with him in this world". Later on in the episode Dr Jekyll produces the much-awaited letter, which he claims, came from Mr Hyde. Tension can also be seen building up as Dr Jekyll cried out when he spoke to Mr Utterson. Dr Jekll was described as he," seemed seized with a qualm of faintness", because Mr Utterson was talking about Dr Jekyll's will which he linked to Dr Hyde. Later on in the episode a stunning similarity is discovered between DrJekyll's handwriting and Mr Hyde's. The fog around the city is then described as," s... ...that the evening was full of mystery. Stevenson described how the,"scud", in the sky was, "banked over the moon" and also that Stevenson went on to also describing London as, "humming solemnly all around", and that the "stillness", was broken by the "sound moving to and fro the cabinet floor". Before the attack Stevenson put a note of scariness when he described Mr Utterson as "filled with a sudden chill of horror", when he had that Dr Jekyll had been weeping like a lost soul. As MrUtterson and Mr Poole attacked the cabinet door Stevenson used a high degree of tension and scariness to describe the sounds that came out the cabinet which he described as, "dismal screechs", as of mere animal terror". When they finally broke in to the cabinet the body they found there was described as, "sorely contorted and still twitching", and yes it was Mr Hyde's body.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

The term Weapons of Mass Destruction has two indications. In its broader, literal sense, it is used to refer to weapons whose destructive power far surpasses that of guns or conventional explosives. However, the term is more often used in a narrower sense, to refer specifically to nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, which raised awareness of America’s vulnerability, the United States has greatly intensified its efforts to stop the spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.When the president and other officials refer to â€Å"weapons of mass destruction,† they usually mean NBC weaponry. An organism or toxin found in nature is used in them that is meant to kill or incapacitate an enemy. Though there are different types and they are made up of different ingredients, they are all meant to kill and do significant destruction. The United States Military refers to them as â€Å"weapons that are capable of high order destruction and being used to destroy large numbers of people. † Many countries posses weapons of mass destruction for one main cause.Because they â€Å"generate a culture of fear†, they are held in reserve by countries as a scare tactic. They are set aside to be used as a threat, if another country were to use them, they would in turn be bombed with weapons of mass destruction. During the Cold War, the term â€Å"weapons of mass destruction† was primarily a reference to nuclear weapons. At the time, in the West the euphemism â€Å"strategic weapons† was used to refer to the American nuclear arsenal, which was presented as a necessary deterrent against nuclear or conventional attack from the Soviet Union.The term â€Å"weapons of mass destruction† continued to see periodic use throughout this time, usually in the context of nuclear arms control; Ronald Reagan used it during the 1986 Reykjavik Summit, when referring to the 1967 Outer Space Trea ty. Reagan's successor, George H. W. Bush, used the term in an 1989 speech to the United Nations, using it primarily in reference to chemical arms. The end of the Cold War reduced U. S. reliance on nuclear weapons as a deterrent, causing it to shift its focus to disarmament. This period coincided with an increasing threat to U. S. nterests from Islamic nations and independent Islamic groups. With the 1990 invasion of Kuwait and 1991 Gulf War, Iraq's nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons programs became a particular concern of the first Bush Administration. Following the war, Bill Clinton and other western politicians and media continued to use the term, usually in reference to ongoing attempts to dismantle Iraq's weapons programs. After the September 11, 2001 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks, an increased fear of non-conventional weapons and asymmetrical warfare took hold of the United States and other Western powers.This fear reached a crescendo with the 2002 Iraq disarmame nt crisis and the alleged existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq that became the primary justification for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. However, no WMD were found in Iraq. Due to the indiscriminate impact of WMDs, the fear of a WMD attack has shaped political policies and campaigns, fostered social movements, and has been the central theme of many films. Support for different levels of WMD development and control varies nationally and internationally.Yet understanding of the nature of the threats is not high, in part because of imprecise usage of the term by politicians and the media. Fear of WMD, or of threats diminished by the possession of WMD, has long been used to catalyze public support for various WMD policies. They include mobilization of pro- and anti-WMD campaigners alike, and generation of popular political support. The term WMD may be used as a powerful buzzword, or to generate a culture of fear. It is also used ambiguously, particularly by not distinguishing amo ng the different types of WMD.A television commercial called Daisy, promoting Democrat Lyndon Johnson's 1964 presidential candidacy, invoked the fear of a nuclear war and was an element in Johnson's subsequent election. More recently, the threat of potential WMD in Iraq was used by President George W. Bush to generate public support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Broad reference to Iraqi WMD in general was seen as an element of President Bush's arguments. As Paul Wolfowitz explained: â€Å"For bureaucratic reasons, we settled on one issue, weapons of mass destruction, because it was the one reason everyone could agree on. To date, however, Coalition forces have found mainly degraded artillery shells.There was almost no dissent on the issue. Molly Ivins wrote : â€Å"the ONLY source to report skeptically on the administration's claims about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction before the war? Knight-Ridder and its terrific reporters Warren Strobel and Jonathan Landay. â€Å". On Jun e 21, 2006, United States Senator Rick Santorum claimed that â€Å"We have found weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, chemical weapons. According to the Washington Post, he was referring to 500 such shells â€Å"that had been buried near the Iranian border, and then long forgotten, by Iraqi troops during their eight-year war with Iran, which ended in 1988. † That night, â€Å"intelligence officials reaffirmed that the shells were old and were not the suspected weapons of mass destruction sought in Iraq after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. † The shells had been uncovered and reported on in 2004. In 2004 Polish troops found nineteen 1980s-era rocket warheads, thwarting an attempt by militants to buy them at $5000 each.Some of the rockets contained extremely deteriorated nerve agent. Limits on WMD by the US scare allied countries. The US nuclear umbrella is the primary contributor to the security of Europe and for Asia. Lack of confidence in the US umbrella causes European n ations to either build up their current arsenals, or embark on entirely new nuclear weapons programs. Nuclear proliferation in Europe causes massive instability there because of the threat it poses to Russia. Asian proliferation threatens conflicts with China.The odds that an asteroid that could potentially wipe out all life on earth are high. A massive asteroid may have been responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. The only defense earth has against these asteroids is nuclear weapons. Were we to disarm completely, we would be unable to shoot down an incoming asteroid, condemning all life to extinction. The military-industrial complex is a powerful constituency in the US. Limits on one type of WMD scare the military-industrial complex. They will feel frightened that the US will be unable to defend itself without its current array of weaponry.To compensate, they will develop new forms of WMDs that are even more destructive, like nanotechnology. Any arms control initiative req uires a substantial outlay of money to implement. Decommissioning weapons systems takes funds. Verifiable agreements demand substantial investment in inspections and monitoring. The US cannot afford to spend more money, given the precarious situation its budget is in. Busting the budget could have a terrible effect on the economy, perhaps triggering an economic collapse

Alligator Facts (A. mississippiensis and A. sinensis)

The alligator is a freshwater crocodilian belonging to the genus Alligator. It is a large reptile with a fearsome set of teeth. In fact, the teeth are one way to tell an alligator from a crocodile. An alligators teeth are hidden when its mouth is closed, while a crocodile still has a toothy grin. The name alligator comes from the Spanish el lagarto, which means the lizard. Alligators are sometimes called living fossils because they have been around about 37 million years, first appearing in the fossil record in the Oligocene epoch. Fast Facts: Alligator Scientific Name: Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator); Alligator sinensis (Chinese alligator)Common Name: Alligator, gatorBasic Animal Group: ReptileSize: 13 feet (American); 7 feet (Chinese)Weight: 790 pounds (American); 100 pounds (Chinese)Lifespan: 35 to 50 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Freshwater marshes and grasslandsPopulation: 5 million (American); 68 to 86 (Chinese)Conservation Status: Least Concern (American); Critically Endangered (Chinese) Species There are two alligator species. The American alligator is Alligator mississippiensis, while the Chinese alligator is Alligator sinensis. Several extinct species are found in the fossil record. The Chinese alligator is critically endangered in the wild. reptiles4all, Getty Images Description Alligators range in color from brown to olive green to black with white bellies. Juvenile alligators have orange, yellow, or white marks that fade as they reach maturity. American alligators are much larger than Chinese alligators. The average American alligator is 13 feet long and weighs 790 pounds, but large specimens over 14 feet long and 990 pounds occur. Chinese alligators average 7 feet long and 100 pounds. In both species, males tend to be larger than females. An alligators strong tail makes up over half its length. Habitat and Distribution The American alligator lives in the southeastern United States. It occurs in freshwater and brackish wetlands in Florida, Louisiana, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, East Texas, and southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. The Chinese alligator is found in a short section of the Yangtze River valley. Diet Alligators are carnivores, although they sometimes supplement their diet with fruit. The type of prey depends on the size of the alligator. They are ambush predators that prefer to eat prey that may be consumed in one bite, such as fish, turtles, mollusks, small mammals, and other reptiles (including smaller alligators). However, they can take much larger prey. Larger prey are grabbed and spun around in the water in what is called a death roll. During a death roll, the gator bites off chunks until the target is subdued. Alligators may store prey under the water until it decomposes enough to be eaten. Like other cold-blooded animals, alligators cannot digest prey when temperatures drop too low. Behavior Alligators are excellent swimmers, plus they use three modes of locomotion on land. The sprawl is a walk using four legs with the belly touching the ground. The high walk is on four limbs with the belly above the ground. Alligators can walk on their two legs, but only for short distances. While large males and females tend to be solitary within a territory, smaller alligators form highly social groups. Alligators readily tolerate other individuals of comparable size. Gators are extremely intelligent. They have been known to use tools and find their way home from a distance of 30 miles. Reproduction and Offspring Alligators mature when they reach a length of around 6 feet. In the spring, male alligators bellow, emit blasts of infrasound, and head-slap water to attract mates. Both sexes gather in groups for courtship in what is called an alligator dance. Males mate multiple females, but a female has one mate per season. In the summer, a female builds a nest of vegetation and lays between 10 and 15 hard-shelled eggs. Decomposition supplies the heat needed to incubate the eggs. The temperature of the nest determines offspring sex. Temperature of 86  Ã‚ °F or lower produce females, while temperature above 93  Ã‚ °F produce males. Between 86  Ã‚ °F and 93  Ã‚ °F, a clutch contains both males and females. The young hatch in September using an egg tooth and assistance from their mother. Female hatchlings weigh more than male hatchlings. The female defends the nest and helps the hatchlings reach water. She continues to guard her offspring for a year or two, but will mate each year once she reaches maturity. It is unknown exactly how long alligators live in the wild. Estimates place average lifespan between 35 and 50 years. Alligators in captivity can live long lives. One captive specimen is at least 80 years old. Alligator hatchlings have white or yellow marks. DeSid, Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the conservation status of the American alligator as least concern. Approximately 5 million American alligators live in the wild. On the other hand, the status of the Chinese alligator is critically endangered. As of 2018, between 68 and 86 mature individuals lived in the wild, with a stable population trend. At present, more Chinese alligators live in zoos than in the wild. Chinese alligators are protected, plus captive individuals may be successfully reintroduced into the wild. Alligators and Humans Alligators typically do not perceive humans as prey. While attacks sometimes occur, they tend to be provoked when a person encroaches on an alligators territory, in self-defense, or where humans feed alligators and the reptiles have lost their natural shyness. Alligators are hunted and raised commercially for skin and meat. Wild alligators are a popular sight for ecotourists. Alligators offer an economic benefit to humans by controlling muskrat, copypu (nutria), and other pest animal populations. Alligators can be trained, but they do not make good pets because they grow very quickly, escape enclosures, and can be unpredictably aggressive. Fun fact: While an alligator closes its mouth with force, its jaws are too weak to open when the mouth is held closed. Zen Rial, Getty Images Sources Brochu, C.A. (1999). Phylogenetics, taxonomy, and historical biogeography of Alligatoroidea. Memoir (Society of Vertebrate Paleontology). 6: 9–100. doi:10.2307/3889340Craighead, F. C., Sr. (1968). The role of the alligator in shaping plant communities and maintaining wildlife in the southern Everglades. The Florida Naturalist, 41, 2–7, 69–74.Crocodile Specialist Group (1996). Alligator mississippiensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T46583A11061981. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T46583A11061981.enFish, Frank E.; Bostic, Sandra A.; Nicastro, Anthony J.; Beneski, John T. (2007). Death roll of the alligator: mechanics of twist feeding in water. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 210 (16): 2811–2818. doi:10.1242/jeb.004267Jiang, H. Wu, X. (2018). Alligator sinensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T867A3146005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T867A3146005.en